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UndergroundStructuralShotcrete for Ground Support: Current Practices in Western Canada

Cesar Chan, Roland Here, and Dudley R. Morgan

Historically, in Western Canada, the stabilization of rock slopes and construction of excavations have been achieved using methods such as soldier piles and lagging or construction of cast-in-place concrete retaining walls. In the case of reinforced cast-in-place concrete, there is a requirement for erection of